𝗟𝗶𝗻𝘂𝘅 𝗖𝗼𝗺𝗺𝗮𝗻𝗱𝘀 𝗘𝘃𝗲𝗿𝘆 𝗖𝘆𝗯𝗲𝗿𝘀𝗲𝗰𝘂𝗿𝗶𝘁𝘆 𝗟𝗲𝗮𝗿𝗻𝗲𝗿

𝗟𝗶𝗻𝘂𝘅 𝗖𝗼𝗺𝗺𝗮𝗻𝗱𝘀 𝗘𝘃𝗲𝗿𝘆 𝗖𝘆𝗯𝗲𝗿𝘀𝗲𝗰𝘂𝗿𝗶𝘁𝘆 𝗟𝗲𝗮𝗿𝗻𝗲𝗿 𝗦𝗵𝗼𝘂𝗹𝗱 𝗞𝗻𝗼𝘄 🐧💻 1️⃣ Getting Started With The Terminal • pwd → show current directory • whoami → show logged-in user • clear → clear terminal screen • exit → close terminal session 2️⃣ Navigating The File System • ls → list files & directories • ls -l → detailed file list • ls -a → show hidden files • cd folder → change directory • cd .. → move one directory back • cd ~ → go to home directory • tree → visualize directory structure 3️⃣ Working With Files & Directories • touch file.txt → create empty file • mkdir folder → create directory • cp source dest → copy file • cp -r dir1 dir2 → copy directory recursively • mv old new → move or rename file • rm file.txt → delete file • rm -r folder → delete directory recursively • rmdir folder → remove empty directory 4️⃣ Viewing & Editing Files • cat file.txt → display file contents • less file.txt → read large files • head file.txt → first 10 lines • tail file.txt → last 10 lines • nano file.txt → beginner-friendly editor • vim file.txt → advanced editor 5️⃣ Searching & Finding Files • find /path -name file → search file by name • grep "text" file.txt → search text inside file • grep -r "text" /path → recursive search • locate filename → quickly find files 6️⃣ Installing & Managing Software (Debian / Ubuntu Based) • sudo apt update → refresh packages • sudo apt upgrade → upgrade installed packages • sudo apt install package → install software • sudo apt remove package → remove software • dpkg -i package.deb → install .deb package 7️⃣ System Information & Monitoring • uname -a → kernel & system info • top → real-time process monitoring • htop → interactive process viewer • df -h → disk usage • du -sh folder → folder size • free -h → memory usage • uptime → system uptime • hostname → system name • lscpu / lsblk / lsusb / lspci → hardware info 8️⃣ Users & Permissions Management • adduser username → create user • passwd username → change password • chmod 755 file → modify permissions • chown user:group file → change ownership • id → user UID & groups • who / w → logged-in users 9️⃣ Networking Commands • ip a / ifconfig → network interfaces • ping hostname → test connectivity • curl website[.]com → retrieve web data • wget url → download files • netstat -tuln → open ports • ss -tulwn → socket statistics 🔟 File Compression & Archiving • tar -cvf archive.tar folder/ → create tar archive • tar -xvf archive.tar → extract tar archive • gzip file → compress file • gunzip file.gz → decompress gzip file • zip -r archive[.]zip folder/ → create zip archive • unzip archive[.]zip → extract zip archive 📌 Most Important Commands For Beginners → ls → cd → cat → grep → find → chmod → curl → top → ssh → tar Master these first. Linux is one of the most important skills in: • Cybersecurity • Cloud • DevOps • System Administration • Networking The terminal is where real learning starts.